(TC46) Biomechanical Perspectives on Dentin Cracks and Fractures: Implications in Their Clinical Management

Abstract: The objective of this research was to review the biomechanical properties of dentin as well as its crack toughening mechanisms to explain the frequency of cracks and fractures in the clinic. The findings are then applied to justify ways of handling these defects in a clinical setting. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Selected articles on the fracture mechanics of crown and root dentin, as well as the clinical management of cracked teeth and teeth with vertical root fractures, were reviewed and summarized. Despite dentin being tougher and less brittle than enamel, it is still extremely susceptible to the development and propagation of fractures. There are several crack toughening mechanisms in dentin against the continued extension of a crack. However, they are often inadequate to prevent catastrophic failure. Different factors compromise dentin’s resistance to crack growth, most noticeably aging. The current treatment options for these teeth are limited. Some new treatment options are being presented for the management of teeth with vertical root fractures, which have traditionally been recommended for extraction.A comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of root fractures, the toughening mechanisms within root dentin, and factors that contribute to the weakening of the tooth, are helpful in designing future treatment protocols and management strategies.